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Zerovalent iron
Zerovalent iron and zerovalent metals (ZVI and ZVM, respectively) have a variety of applications ranging from filters to electrodes to trenches. One of the emerging uses for ZVI is iron wall remediation. This technology uses ZVIs to form a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) which filters out contaminants in groundwater, leaving only decontaminated groundwater and dissolved iron on the other side of the PRB.
==History==
The development of granular iron PRB technology was reliant on two advances: that metallic irons breaks down chlorinated organic compounds, and that reactions can proceed ''in situ'' under normal groundwater conditions.〔Gillham, Robert, John Vogan, Lai Gui, Michael Duchene, and Jennifer Son. "Iron Barrier Walls for Chlorinated Solvent Remediation." ''In Situ'' Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes. Ed. Hans F. Stroo and C. Herb Ward. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, 2010.〕 Metals have been used as catalysts since the 20th century, with more literature available concerning the corrosion of metal shipping and storage containers.〔 Because this literature concerned pure solvents rather than aqueous solutions and the processes often occurred at high temperatures and pressures, it was not looked at by the environmental community.〔 In 1972, zerovalent metals were found to be effective in breaking down pesticides and other chlorinated organic compounds in aqueous solution.〔Reynolds GW, Hoff JT, Gillham R W. 1990. Sampling bias caused by materials used to monitor halocarbons in groundwater. Environ Sci Technol 24:135--142〕 However, this finding was also overlooked, perhaps because it was only recorded in patents and it preceded awareness of chlorinated solvents in groundwater as an environmental problem.〔
In the 1980s, a student at the University of Waterloo examined the possibility of sample bias caused by sorption of contaminants to well casings and other materials used in groundwater sampling.〔 While contaminants were lost from solution as a result of diffusion into polymers, contaminant losses were also observed when solutions came into contact with certain metals, and these losses were not consistent with a diffusion process.〔 Reductive dechlorination was considered the most likely cause.〔 This was confirmed by tests that showed several transitional metals had the ability to degrade many chlorinated aliphatic compounds.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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